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Word · Greek

νῆψις nēpsis

Sober watchfulness: the alert, clear attention the desert monks and the Philokalia put at the center of prayer. The New Testament uses the verb nēphō, “be sober”. (editor’s note)

16 uses in the original-language texts we hold · 46 aligned English renderings

One line, many translators

1 Peter 5:8 · originalνηψατε γρηγορησατε ο αντιδικος υμων διαβολος ως λεων ωρυομενος περιπατει ζητων καταπιειν
  1. 1611

    Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour:

    tr. King James translation committee (1611)
  2. 1752

    Be sober and watch: because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, goeth about seeking whom he may devour.

    tr. English College at Douai/Rheims, rev. Richard Challoner (1749-52)
  3. 1898

    Be sober, vigilant, because your opponent the devil, as a roaring lion, doth walk about, seeking whom he may swallow up,

    tr. Robert Young (1898)
  4. 1901

    Be sober, be watchful: your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour:

    tr. American Revision Committee (American Standard Version) (1901)

Meaning map

How often each English word shows up in translations of passages that use nēpsis. A passage can count for more than one word.

  • sober32
  • watch12
  • awake7
  • vigilant6
  • temperate5

Where it appears

  1. εκνηψατε δικαιως και μη αμαρτανετε αγνωσιαν γαρ θεου τινες εχουσιν προς εντροπην υμιν λαλω

    Awake to righteousness, and sin not; for some have not the knowledge of God: I speak this to your shame.

    1 Corinthians 15:34 · tr. King James translation committee (1611)
  2. αρα ουν μη καθευδωμεν ως οι λοιποι αλλα γρηγορωμεν και νηφωμεν

    Therefore let us not sleep, as do others; but let us watch and be sober.

    1 Thessalonians 5:6 · tr. King James translation committee (1611)
  3. ημεις δε ημερας οντες νηφωμεν ενδυσαμενοι θωρακα πιστεως και αγαπης και περικεφαλαιαν ελπιδα σωτηριας

    But let us, who are of the day, be sober, putting on the breastplate of faith and love; and for an helmet, the hope of salvation.

    1 Thessalonians 5:8 · tr. King James translation committee (1611)
  4. δει ουν τον επισκοπον ανεπιλημπτον ειναι μιας γυναικος ανδρα νηφαλιον σωφρονα κοσμιον φιλοξενον διδακτικον

    A bishop then must be blameless, the husband of one wife, vigilant, sober, of good behaviour, given to hospitality, apt to teach;

    1 Timothy 3:2 · tr. King James translation committee (1611)
  5. γυναικας ωσαυτως σεμνας μη διαβολους νηφαλιους πιστας εν πασιν

    Even so must their wives be grave, not slanderers, sober, faithful in all things.

    1 Timothy 3:11 · tr. King James translation committee (1611)
  6. συ δε νηφε εν πασιν κακοπαθησον εργον ποιησον ευαγγελιστου την διακονιαν σου πληροφορησον

    But watch thou in all things, endure afflictions, do the work of an evangelist, make full proof of thy ministry.

    2 Timothy 4:5 · tr. King James translation committee (1611)
  7. πρεσβυτας νηφαλιους ειναι σεμνους σωφρονας υγιαινοντας τη πιστει τη αγαπη τη υπομονη

    That the aged men be sober, grave, temperate, sound in faith, in charity, in patience.

    Titus 2:2 · tr. King James translation committee (1611)
  8. διο αναζωσαμενοι τας οσφυας της διανοιας υμων νηφοντες τελειως ελπισατε επι την φερομενην υμιν χαριν εν αποκαλυψει ιησου χριστου

    Wherefore gird up the loins of your mind, be sober, and hope to the end for the grace that is to be brought unto you at the revelation of Jesus Christ;

    1 Peter 1:13 · tr. King James translation committee (1611)
  9. παντων δε το τελος ηγγικεν σωφρονησατε ουν και νηψατε εις προσευχας

    But the end of all things is at hand: be ye therefore sober, and watch unto prayer.

    1 Peter 4:7 · tr. King James translation committee (1611)
  10. ΤΣΑΔΗ. Ἐβόησε καρδία αὐτῶν πρὸς Κύριον, τείχη Σιὼν καταγάγετε ὡς χειμάῤῥους δάκρυα ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός· μὴ δῷς ἔκνηψιν σεαυτῇ, μὴ σιωπήσαιτο θυγάτηρ ὀφθαλμῶν σου.

    Tsade. Their heart cried to the Lord, Ye walls of Sion, pour down tears like torrents day and night: give thyself no rest; let not the apple of thine eyes cease.

    LXX Lamentations 2:18 · Brenton, The Septuagint with Apocrypha in English (1851)
  11. ΦΗ. Ὁ ὀφθαλμός μου κατεπόθη, καὶ οὐ σιγήσομαι τοῦ μὴ εἶναι ἔκνηψιν,

    Phe. Mine eye is drowned [with tears], and I will not be silent, so that there shall be no rest,

    LXX Lamentations 3:49 · Brenton, The Septuagint with Apocrypha in English (1851)
  12. Ἐκνήψατε, οἱ μεθύοντες, ἐξ οἴνου αὐτῶν καὶ κλαύσατε· θρηνήσατε πάντες οἱ πίνοντες οἶνον εἰς μέθην, ὅτι ἐξῄρθη ἐκ στόματος ὑμῶν εὐφροσύνη καὶ χαρά.

    Awake, ye drunkards, from your wine, and weep: mourn, all ye that drink wine to drunkenness: for joy and gladness are removed from your mouth.

    LXX Joel 1:5 · Brenton, The Septuagint with Apocrypha in English (1851)

The same idea across traditions

English passages matching: watchfulness OR sobriety OR vigilance OR "be sober"

Mesopotamia & Egypt

to Thoth + 109 Apep chained in the Tuat. ap ve Wyeereae 1 4° Apep and the Crocodile Shesshes Fae hae 6 Apep chained by the Four Sons of Horus 112 The “ Hidden Hand” grasping the Chain 112 The Ape-gods oie Models of the Great Hand .. é Cokes… Instruction of Amenemope (with other Egyptian wisdom texts), Budge 1924 p.7 ¶3

But before Osiris became King of the Under World he suffered further persecution from Set. Piecing together a number of disconnected hints and brief statements in the texts, it seems pretty clear either that Osiris appealed to the "Great Go… Egyptian Book of the Dead (Papyrus of Ani), Book of the Dead Chapter 5 ¶4

One characteristic of Egyptian thinking should be borne in mind from the outset: it was always in graphic form. The Egyptian did not possess the terminology for the expression of a system of abstract thought; neither did he develop the capa… Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt, Breasted, Religion and Thought Lecture 1 ¶8

India

And how is a mendicant dedicated to wakefulness? It’s when a mendicant practices walking and sitting meditation by day, purifying their mind from obstacles. In the first watch of the night, they continue to practice walking and sitting medi… Aṅguttara Nikāya (Numbered Discourses), AN3.16 4

toil, no height Awaits to scale, no gift remains to gain, Yet I act here! and, if I acted not-- Earnest and watchful--those that look to me For guidance, sinking back to sloth again Because I slumbered, would decline from good, And I should… Bhagavad Gita, Bhagavad Gita 3 (Arnold) ¶4

If a man's thoughts are not dissipated, if his mind is not perplexed, if he has ceased to think of good or evil, then there is no fear for him while he is watchful. Dhammapada, Dhammapada 39

China & Japan

The Hexagrams, exhibited circularly and in a square, according to the natural process of development from the whole and divided lines, and the order of arrangement ascribed to Ffi-hsi. The Trigrams distinguished as Yin and Yang. I. The A7/i… I Ching (Yi King, Book of Changes), I Ching p.57 ¶98

1 See his great work, Bk clxxxiv., upon Mencius. quotations of Mencius by Han Ying and Tung Chung-shoo, Sating that his Works were a comp ete collection in the? times rive some confirmation to K'e's account. On he whole, the evidence seems … Mencius, Mencius p.896 ¶6

Persia & Islam

Man’s bodily needs are simple, being comprised under three heads : food, clothing, and a dwellingplace ; but the bodily desires which were im¬ planted in him with a view to procuring these are apt to rebel against reason, which is of later … The Alchemy of Happiness (Kimiya-yi Sa'adat), Alchemy CHAPTER III p.43 ¶2

For so Creation's Master- Jewel fell / From that same Eden: loving which too well, / The Work before the Artist did prefer, / And in the Garden lost the Gardener. / Wherefore one Day about the Garden went / A voice that found him in his fal… The Conference of the Birds (Mantiq al-Tayr), Bird Parliament ll. 321-340

6. [Thus real are these things, ye men and ye women 6 !] from the Lie-demon protecting, I guard o'er my (faithful), and so (I) grant progress (in weal and in goodness). And the hate of the Lie (with the hate of her) bondsmen (?) I pray from… Gathas (Avesta), Yasna LIII p.189 ¶8

Hebrew & Jewish

And these keep watch round about him, neither may any one depart, and do his own business, neither disobey they him in any thing. Apocrypha (Deuterocanonical books: Esdras, Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, Maccabees, ...), 1 Esdras 4:11

and Mizpah, for he said, Jehovah watch between me and thee, when we are absent one from another. The Bible (Old and New Testaments), Genesis 31:49

1. And these are the names of the holy angels who watch. 1 Enoch, 1 Enoch 20:1

Greek & Roman

All were attentive to the godlike man, When from his lofty couch he thus began: “Great queen, what you command me to relate Renews the sad remembrance of our fate: An empire from its old foundations rent, And ev’ry woe the Trojans underwent… The Aeneid, Aeneid (Dryden), Book II ¶2

ARGUMENT Io, the daughter of Inachus, King of Argos, was beloved of Zeus. But Hera was jealous of that love, and by her ill will was Io given over to frenzy, and her body took the semblance of a heifer: and Argus, a many-eyed herdsman, was … Aeschylus: Tragedies (Oresteia, Prometheus Bound, etc.), Aeschylus ¶3

Proc., de Prov., p. 483. Z. or T. 182. But these are mysteries which | evolve in the profound Abyss of the Mind. 183. As the Oracle thereforth saith: God is never so turned away from man, and never so much sendeth him new paths, as when he … The Chaldean Oracles, Chaldean Oracles p.55 ¶46

Hidden streams

On the other hand, there seems to be a distinct sirmularit between Cagliesiro’s method, and the system of Oriental Divin: tion called che Mendal, to which I have previously referred. (APPENDIX C.) va EXAMPLES OF OTHER METHODS OF ANGELIC EVO… The Book of the Sacred Magic of Abra-Melin the Mage, Abramelin p.4 ¶43

with Gold ; by this flood a fmall Ja- «. Taper, per in an Ivory C^rtdlefiUfif now air though it vftrcvcTYfm^fiy yetitburnl, contimally^ and flood in that manner, that had not Cufid^ in Tport, now and^ then puffed upon it, we could not have … The Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz, Chymical Wedding p.90 ¶77

And then they, in a band,4 go to the Father home ; of their own selves they make surrender of themselves to Powers, and [thus] becoming Powers they are in God. This the good end for 1 luvvtrrnrov. * Cf. G. H., xiii. (xiv.) 7. 3 Cf. G. #., x… Corpus Hermeticum, Corpus Hermeticum I.26-27 (Poimandres)

Christian

2. For why, august Emperor, should your Majesty learn that Faith which, from your earliest childhood, you have ever devoutly and lovingly kept? "Before I formed thee in thy mother's belly I knew thee," saith the Scripture, "and before thou … Exposition of the Christian Faith (De fide, to Gratian), Ambrose, On the Christian Faith, Prefatory Note, Prologue. ¶2

8. But now, brother, whither shall I advance, or whither shall I turn? The ox seeks his fellow, and conceives itself incomplete, and by frequent lowing shows its tender longing, if perchance that one is wanting with whom it has been wont to… On the Decease of His Brother Satyrus (De excessu fratris; incl. On Belief in the Resurrection), Ambrose, On the Decease of Satyrus, Three Books on the Duties of the Clergy, Book I. ¶7

Silence should not remain unbroken, nor should it arise from idleness. How heart and mouth must be guarded against inordinate affections. 9. What then? Ought we to be dumb? Certainly not. For: "there is a time to keep silence and a time to … On the Duties of the Clergy (De officiis ministrorum), Ambrose, Duties of the Clergy, Three Books on the Duties of the Clergy, Chapter III. ¶1

Modern West

The tale of the resurrection follows that of the crucifixion; and in this as well as in that, the writers, whoever they were, disagree so much as to make it evident that none of them were there. The book of Matthew states, that when Christ … The Age of Reason, Age of Reason Part II, Chapter 2 ¶20

THE stage is more beholding to love, than the life of man. For as to the stage, love is ever matter of comedies, and now and then of tragedies; but in life it doth much mischief; sometimes like a siren, sometimes like a fury. You may observ… Essays, or Counsels Civil and Moral, Bacon Of Love ¶1a

After such a cheerful commencement, a serious word would fain be heard; it appeals to the most serious minds. Take care, ye philosophers and friends of knowledge, and beware of martyrdom! Of suffering "for the truth's sake"! even in your ow… Beyond Good and Evil, BGE §25